Association between the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infection after orthognathic surgery in Japan.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after orthognathic surgery, focusing on the duration of prophylactic antibiotic administration in Japan. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 181 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Yamagata University Hospital between 2012 and 2021. The clinical parameters of SSI were retrospectively investigated using patient charts. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors for SSI after orthognathic surgery. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (10.5%) were complicated with SSI. Male sex (OR, 3.638; 95% CI, 1.316-10.058) and an antibiotic prophylaxis duration ≤3 days (OR, 12.718; 95% CI, 1.639-98.673) were independent risk factors for SSI after orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION: Extended-term antibiotic prophylaxis was more effective for prevention of SSI after orthognathic surgery than short-term in this study.